Sun, to Moo, to You!

Students investigate the transfer of energy in the process of making milk, discover that there are different forms of energy, determine that living things need energy to survive, and identify the sun as the primary source of energy.

Grades
3 – 5
TX: Grades 3 – 5
Estimated Time
60 minutes
Updated
July 27, 2023

Background

Lesson Activities

Credits

Author

Mandi Bottoms | California Foundation for Agriculture in the Classroom

Acknowledgements

This lesson was funded in 2008 by the California Milk Advisory Board and the California Farm Bureau Federation. To meet the needs of California educators, Milk Matters: Discovering Dairy was created to meet the Curriculum Content Standards for California Public Schools. The unit also includes a collection of relevant resources about the dairy industry.

Executive Director: Judy Culbertson
Layout and Design: Imelda Muziom

Standards

Texas Content Area Standards

  • ELA: 4.110.6.b.1

    Developing and sustaining foundational language skills: listening, speaking, discussion, and thinking- oral language. The students develops oral language through listening, speaking, and discussion.

    • ELA: 4.110.6.b.1.D: work collaboratively with others to develop a plan of shared responsibilities
  • Social Studies: 3.113.14.c.4

    Geography. The student understands the concepts of location, distance, and direction on maps and globes. The student is expected to:

    • Social Studies: 3.113.14.c.14.D: interpret and create visuals, including graphs, charts, tables, timelines, illustrations, and maps
  • Social Studies: 3.113.14.c.14

    Social studies skills. The student applies critical-thinking skills to organize and use information acquired from a variety of valid sources, including technology. The student is expected to:

    • Social Studies: 3.113.14.c.14.C: interpret oral, visual, and print material by sequencing, categorizing, identifying the main idea, distinguishing between fact and opinion, identifying cause and effect, comparing, and contrasting
  • Social Studies: 4.113.15.c.19

    Social studies skills. The student applies critical-thinking skills to organize and use information acquired from a variety of valid sources, including technology. The student is expected to:

    • Social Studies: 4.113.15.c.19.C: analyze information by applying absolute and relative chronology through sequencing, categorizing, identifying cause-and-effect relationships, comparing, contrasting, finding the main idea, summarizing, making generalizations and predictions, and drawing inferences and conclusions;
    • Social Studies: 4.113.15.c.19.D: organize and interpret information in outlines, reports, databases, and visuals, including graphs, charts, timelines, and maps
  • Social Studies: 5.113.16.c.23

    Social studies skills. The student applies critical-thinking skills to organize and use information acquired from a variety of valid sources, including technology. The student is expected to:

    • Social Studies: 5.113.16.c.23.C: analyze information by applying absolute and relative chronology through sequencing, categorizing, identifying cause-and-effect relationships, comparing, contrasting, finding the main idea, summarizing, making generalizations and predictions, and drawing inferences and conclusions
    • Social Studies: 5.113.16.c.23.D: organize and interpret information in outlines, reports, databases, and visuals, including graphs, charts, timelines, and maps
  • Science: 3.112.5.b.1

    Scientific and engineering practices. The student asks questions, identifies problems, and plans and safely conducts classroom, laboratory, and field investigations to answer questions, explain phenomena, or design solutions using appropriate tools and models. The student is expected to:

    • Science: 3.112.5.b.1.D: use tools, including hand lenses; metric rulers; Celsius thermometers; wind vanes; rain gauges; graduated cylinders; beakers; digital scales; hot plates; meter sticks; magnets; notebooks; Sun, Earth, Moon system models; timing devices; materials to support observation of habitats of organisms such as terrariums, aquariums, and collecting nets; and materials to support digital data collection such as computers, tablets, and cameras, to observe, measure, test, and analyze information
    • Science: 3.112.5.b.1.E: collect observations and measurements as evidence
    • Science: 3.112.5.b.1.F: construct appropriate graphic organizers to collect data, including tables, bar graphs, line graphs, tree maps, concept maps, Venn diagrams, flow charts or sequence maps, and input-output tables that show cause and effect
  • Science: 3.112.5.b.2

    Scientific and engineering practices. The student analyzes and interprets data to derive meaning, identify features and patterns, and discover relationships or correlations to develop evidence-based arguments or evaluate designs. The student is expected to:

    • Science: 3.112.5.b.2.A: identify advantages and limitations of models such as their size, properties, and material
    • Science: 3.112.5.b.2.C: use mathematical calculations to compare patterns and relationships
  • Science: 3.112.5.b.5

    Recurring themes and concepts. The student understands that recurring themes and concepts provide a framework for making connections across disciplines. The student is expected to:

    • Science: 3.112.5.b.5.A: identify and use patterns to explain scientific phenomena or to design solutions
    • Science: 3.112.5.b.5.B: identify and investigate cause-and-effect relationships to explain scientific phenomena or analyze problems
    • Science: 3.112.5.b.5.C: use scale, proportion, and quantity to describe, compare, or model different systems
    • Science: 3.112.5.b.5.D: examine and model the parts of a system and their interdependence in the function of the system
  • Science: 3.112.5.b.8

    Force, motion, and energy. The student knows that energy is everywhere and can be observed in cycles, patterns, and systems. The student is expected to:

    • Science: 3.112.5.b.8.A: identify everyday examples of energy, including light, sound, thermal, and mechanical
  • Science: 4.112.6.b.1

    Scientific and engineering practices. The student asks questions, identifies problems, and plans and safely conducts classroom, laboratory, and field investigations to answer questions, explain phenomena, or design solutions using appropriate tools and models. The student is expected to:

    • Science: 4.112.6.b.1.D: use tools, including hand lenses; metric rulers; Celsius thermometers; calculators; laser pointers; mirrors; digital scales; balances; graduated cylinders; beakers; hot plates; meter sticks; magnets; notebooks; timing devices; sieves; materials for building circuits; materials to support observation of habitats of organisms such as terrariums, aquariums, and collecting nets; and materials to support digital data collection such as computers, tablets, and cameras, to observe, measure, test, and analyze information
    • Science: 4.112.6.b.1.E: collect observations and measurements as evidence
    • Science: 4.112.6.b.1.F: construct appropriate graphic organizers to collect data, including tables, bar graphs, line graphs, tree maps, concept maps, Venn diagrams, flow charts or sequence maps, and input-output tables that show cause and effect
  • Science: 4.112.6.b.2

    Scientific and engineering practices. The student analyzes and interprets data to derive meaning, identify features and patterns, and discover relationships or correlations to develop evidence-based arguments or evaluate designs. The student is expected to:

    • Science: 4.112.6.b.2.C: use mathematical calculations to compare patterns and relationships
  • Science: 4.112.6.b.3

    Scientific and engineering practices. The student develops evidence-based explanations and communicates findings, conclusions, and proposed solutions. The student is expected to:

    • Science: 4.112.6.b.3.A: develop explanations and propose solutions supported by data and models
  • Science: 4.112.6.b.5

    Recurring themes and concepts. The student understands that recurring themes and concepts provide a framework for making connections across disciplines. The student is expected to:

    • Science: 4.112.6.b.5.A: identify and use patterns to explain scientific phenomena or to design solutions
    • Science: 4.112.6.b.5.B: identify and investigate cause-and-effect relationships to explain scientific phenomena or analyze problems
    • Science: 4.112.6.b.5.C: use scale, proportion, and quantity to describe, compare, or model different systems
    • Science: 4.112.6.b.5.D: examine and model the parts of a system and their interdependence in the function of the system
    • Science: 4.112.6.b.5.E: investigate the flow of energy and cycling of matter through systems
  • Science: 4.112.6.b.8

    Force, motion, and energy. The student knows that energy is everywhere and can be observed in cycles, patterns, and systems. The student is expected to:

    • Science: 4.112.6.b.8.A: investigate and identify the transfer of energy by objects in motion, waves in water, and sound
  • Science: 5.112.7.b.1

    Scientific and engineering practices. The student asks questions, identifies problems, and plans and safely conducts classroom, laboratory, and field investigations to answer questions, explain phenomena, or design solutions using appropriate tools and models. The student is expected to:

    • Science: 5.112.7.b.1.D: use tools, including calculators, microscopes, hand lenses, metric rulers, Celsius thermometers, prisms, concave and convex lenses, laser pointers, mirrors, digital scales, balances, spring scales, graduated cylinders, beakers, hot plates, meter sticks, magnets, collecting nets, notebooks, timing devices, materials for building circuits, materials to support observations of habitats or organisms such as terrariums and aquariums, and materials to support digital data collection such as computers, tablets, and cameras to observe, measure, test, and analyze information
    • Science: 5.112.7.b.1.E: collect observations and measurements as evidence
    • Science: 5.112.7.b.1.F: construct appropriate graphic organizers used to collect data, including tables, bar graphs, line graphs, tree maps, concept maps, Venn diagrams, flow charts or sequence maps, and input-output tables that show cause and effect
  • Science: 5.112.7.b.2

    Scientific and engineering practices. The student analyzes and interprets data to derive meaning, identify features and patterns, and discover relationships or correlations to develop evidence-based arguments or evaluate designs. The student is expected to:

    • Science: 5.112.7.b.2.A: identify advantages and limitations of models such as their size, properties, and materials
    • Science: 5.112.7.b.2.C: use mathematical calculations to compare patterns and relationships
  • Science: 5.112.7.b.5

    Recurring themes and concepts. The student understands that recurring themes and concepts provide a framework for making connections across disciplines. The student is expected to:

    • Science: 5.112.7.b.5.A: identify and use patterns to explain scientific phenomena or to design solutions
    • Science: 5.112.7.b.5.B: identify and investigate cause-and-effect relationships to explain scientific phenomena or analyze problems
    • Science: 5.112.7.b.5.C: use scale, proportion, and quantity to describe, compare, or model different systems
    • Science: 5.112.7.b.5.D: examine and model the parts of a system and their interdependence in the function of the system
    • Science: 5.112.7.b.5.E: investigate how energy flows and matter cycles through systems and how matter is conserved;
  • Science: 5.112.7.b.7

    Force, motion, and energy. The student knows the nature of forces and the patterns of their interactions. The student is expected to:

    • Science: 5.112.7.b.7.A: investigate and explain how equal and unequal forces acting on an object cause patterns of motion and transfer of energy
    • Science: 5.112.7.b.7.B: design a simple experimental investigation that tests the effect of force on an object in a system such as a car on a ramp or a balloon rocket on a string
  • Science: 5.112.7.b.8

    Force, motion, and energy. The student knows that energy is everywhere and can be observed in cycles, patterns, and systems. The student is expected to:

    • Science: 5.112.7.b.8.A: investigate and describe the transformation of energy in systems such as energy in a flashlight battery that changes from chemical energy to electrical energy to light energy
  • ELA: 3.110.5.b.1

    Developing and sustaining foundational language skills: listening, speaking, discussion, and thinking--oral language. The student develops oral language through listening, speaking, and discussion. The student is expected to:

    • ELA: 3.110.5.b.1.D: work collaboratively with others by following agreed-upon rules, norms, and protocols
  • ELA: 3.110.5.b.6

    Comprehension skills: listening, speaking, reading, writing, and thinking using multiple texts. The student uses metacognitive skills to both develop and deepen comprehension of increasingly complex texts. The student is expected to:

    • ELA: 3.110.5.b.6.H: synthesize information to create new understanding
  • ELA: 3.110.5.b.7

    Response skills: listening, speaking, reading, writing, and thinking using multiple texts. The student responds to an increasingly challenging variety of sources that are read, heard, or viewed. The student is expected to:

    • ELA: 3.110.5.b.7.F: respond using newly acquired vocabulary as appropriate
  • ELA: 4.110.6.b.6

    Comprehension skills: listening, speaking, reading, writing, and thinking using multiple texts. The student uses metacognitive skills to both develop and deepen comprehension of increasingly complex texts. The student is expected to:

    • ELA: 4.110.6.b.6.H: synthesize information to create new understanding
  • ELA: 4.110.6.b.7

    Response skills: listening, speaking, reading, writing, and thinking using multiple texts. The student responds to an increasingly challenging variety of sources that are read, heard, or viewed. The student is expected to:

    • ELA: 4.110.6.b.7.F: respond using newly acquired vocabulary as appropriate
  • ELA: 5.110.7.b.1

    Developing and sustaining foundational language skills: listening, speaking, discussion, and thinking--oral language. The student develops oral language through listening, speaking, and discussion. The student is expected to:

    • ELA: 5.110.7.b.1.D: work collaboratively with others to develop a plan of shared responsibilities
  • ELA: 5.110.7.b.6

    Comprehension skills: listening, speaking, reading, writing, and thinking using multiple texts. The student uses metacognitive skills to both develop and deepen comprehension of increasingly complex texts. The student is expected to:

    • ELA: 5.110.7.b.6.H: synthesize information to create new understanding
  • ELA: 5.110.7.b.7

    Response skills: listening, speaking, reading, writing, and thinking using multiple texts. The student responds to an increasingly challenging variety of sources that are read, heard, or viewed. The student is expected to:

    • ELA: 5.110.7.b.7.F: respond using newly acquired vocabulary as appropriate