Apple Science: Comparing Apples and Onions

Students explore heredity concepts by comparing observable traits of apples and onions, collecting data on the traits of different apple varieties, and investigating apple production. Additional activities include hands-on methods for testing apple ripeness.

Grades
3 – 5
TX: Grades 3 – 5
Estimated Time
40 - 60 minutes
Updated
August 13, 2024

Background

Lesson Activities

Credits

Author

Debra Spielmaker and Sara Hunt | National Center for Agricultural Literacy (NCAL)

Acknowledgements

Activity 1 and the Interest Approach of this lesson were originally developed as part of the Utah Fifth Grade Science Teacher Resource Book (TRB3). The TRB3 was designed as a textbook for teaching Utah science curriculum and covers all the objectives of each standard and benchmark.

The apple ripeness tests suggested under Additional Activities are based on tests described in the 2014-15 Penn State Tree Fruit Production Guide, Part VI Harvest and Postharvest Handling.

Sources

  1. https://extension.illinois.edu/apples/facts.cfm

Standards

Texas Content Area Standards

  • ELA: 4.110.6.b.1

    Developing and sustaining foundational language skills: listening, speaking, discussion, and thinking- oral language. The students develops oral language through listening, speaking, and discussion.

    • ELA: 4.110.6.b.1.D: work collaboratively with others to develop a plan of shared responsibilities
  • Social Studies: 3.113.14.c.4

    Geography. The student understands the concepts of location, distance, and direction on maps and globes. The student is expected to:

    • Social Studies: 3.113.14.c.14.D: interpret and create visuals, including graphs, charts, tables, timelines, illustrations, and maps
  • Social Studies: 3.113.14.c.14

    Social studies skills. The student applies critical-thinking skills to organize and use information acquired from a variety of valid sources, including technology. The student is expected to:

    • Social Studies: 3.113.14.c.14.C: interpret oral, visual, and print material by sequencing, categorizing, identifying the main idea, distinguishing between fact and opinion, identifying cause and effect, comparing, and contrasting
  • Social Studies: 3.113.14.c.15

    Social studies skills. The student communicates in written, oral, and visual forms. The student is expected to:

    • Social Studies: 3.113.14.c.15.B: create and interpret timelines
    • Social Studies: 3.113.14.c.15.D: express ideas orally based on knowledge and experiences
  • Social Studies: 3.113.14.c.16

    Social studies skills. The student uses problem-solving and decision-making skills, working independently and with others. The student is expected to:

    • Social Studies: 3.113.14.c.16.B: use problem-solving and decision-making processes to identify a problem, gather information, list and consider options, consider advantages and disadvantages, choose and implement a solution, and evaluate the effectiveness of the solution
  • Social Studies: 4.113.15.c.19

    Social studies skills. The student applies critical-thinking skills to organize and use information acquired from a variety of valid sources, including technology. The student is expected to:

    • Social Studies: 4.113.15.c.19.C: analyze information by applying absolute and relative chronology through sequencing, categorizing, identifying cause-and-effect relationships, comparing, contrasting, finding the main idea, summarizing, making generalizations and predictions, and drawing inferences and conclusions;
    • Social Studies: 4.113.15.c.19.D: organize and interpret information in outlines, reports, databases, and visuals, including graphs, charts, timelines, and maps
  • Social Studies: 4.113.15.c.21

    Social studies skills. The student communicates in written, oral, and visual forms. The student is expected to:

    • Social Studies: 4.113.15.c.21.C: express ideas orally based on research and experiences
    • Social Studies: 4.113.15.c.21.D: create written and visual material such as journal entries, reports, graphic organizers, outlines, and bibliographies
  • Social Studies: 4.113.15.c.22

    Social studies skills. The student uses problem-solving and decision-making skills, working independently and with others. The student is expected to:

    • Social Studies: 4.113.15.c.22.B: use problem-solving and decision-making processes to identify a problem, gather information, list and consider options, consider advantages and disadvantages, choose and implement a solution, and evaluate the effectiveness of the solution
  • Social Studies: 5.113.16.c.23

    Social studies skills. The student applies critical-thinking skills to organize and use information acquired from a variety of valid sources, including technology. The student is expected to:

    • Social Studies: 5.113.16.c.23.C: analyze information by applying absolute and relative chronology through sequencing, categorizing, identifying cause-and-effect relationships, comparing, contrasting, finding the main idea, summarizing, making generalizations and predictions, and drawing inferences and conclusions
    • Social Studies: 5.113.16.c.23.D: organize and interpret information in outlines, reports, databases, and visuals, including graphs, charts, timelines, and maps
  • Social Studies: 5.113.16.c.25

    Social studies skills. The student communicates in written, oral, and visual forms. The student is expected to:

    • Social Studies: 5.113.16.c.25.C: express ideas orally based on research and experiences
    • Social Studies: 5.113.16.c.25.D: create written and visual material such as journal entries, reports, graphic organizers, outlines, and bibliographies
  • Social Studies: 5.113.16.c.26

    Social studies skills. The student uses problem-solving and decision-making skills, working independently and with others. The student is expected to:

    • Social Studies: 5.113.16.c.26.B: use problem-solving and decision-making processes to identify a problem, gather information, list and consider options, consider advantages and disadvantages, choose and implement a solution, and evaluate the effectiveness of the solution
  • Science: 3.112.5.b.1

    Scientific and engineering practices. The student asks questions, identifies problems, and plans and safely conducts classroom, laboratory, and field investigations to answer questions, explain phenomena, or design solutions using appropriate tools and models. The student is expected to:

    • Science: 3.112.5.b.1.A: ask questions and define problems based on observations or information from text, phenomena, models, or investigations
    • Science: 3.112.5.b.1.B: use scientific practices to plan and conduct descriptive investigations and use engineering practices to design solutions to problems
    • Science: 3.112.5.b.1.E: collect observations and measurements as evidence
  • Science: 3.112.5.b.2

    Scientific and engineering practices. The student analyzes and interprets data to derive meaning, identify features and patterns, and discover relationships or correlations to develop evidence-based arguments or evaluate designs. The student is expected to:

    • Science: 3.112.5.b.2.B: analyze data by identifying any significant features, patterns, or sources of error
  • Science: 3.112.5.b.3

    Scientific and engineering practices. The student develops evidence-based explanations and communicates findings, conclusions, and proposed solutions. The student is expected to:

    • Science: 3.112.5.b.3.B: communicate explanations and solutions individually and collaboratively in a variety of settings and formats
  • Science: 3.112.5.b.5

    Recurring themes and concepts. The student understands that recurring themes and concepts provide a framework for making connections across disciplines. The student is expected to:

    • Science: 3.112.5.b.5.A: identify and use patterns to explain scientific phenomena or to design solutions
  • Science: 3.112.5.b.11

    Earth and space. The student understands how natural resources are important and can be managed. The student is expected to:

    • Science: 3.112.5.b.11.A: explore and explain how humans use natural resources such as in construction, in agriculture, in transportation, and to make products
    • Science: 3.112.5.b.11.B: explain why the conservation of natural resources is important
    • Science: 3.112.5.b.11.C: identify ways to conserve natural resources through reducing, reusing, or recycling
  • Science: 3.112.5.b.12

    Organisms and environments. The student describes patterns, cycles, systems, and relationships within environments. The student is expected to:

    • Science: 3.112.5.b.12.B: identify and describe the flow of energy in a food chain and predict how changes in a food chain such as removal of frogs from a pond or bees from a field affect the ecosystem
  • Science: 4.112.6.b.1

    Scientific and engineering practices. The student asks questions, identifies problems, and plans and safely conducts classroom, laboratory, and field investigations to answer questions, explain phenomena, or design solutions using appropriate tools and models. The student is expected to:

    • Science: 4.112.6.b.1.A: ask questions and define problems based on observations or information from text, phenomena, models, or investigations
    • Science: 4.112.6.b.1.B: use scientific practices to plan and conduct descriptive investigations and use engineering practices to design solutions to problems
    • Science: 4.112.6.b.1.E: collect observations and measurements as evidence
  • Science: 4.112.6.b.5

    Recurring themes and concepts. The student understands that recurring themes and concepts provide a framework for making connections across disciplines. The student is expected to:

    • Science: 4.112.6.b.5.A: identify and use patterns to explain scientific phenomena or to design solutions
  • Science: 4.112.6.b.11

    Earth and space. The student understands how natural resources are important and can be managed. The student is expected to:

    • Science: 4.112.6.b.11.A: identify and explain advantages and disadvantages of using Earth's renewable and nonrenewable natural resources such as wind, water, sunlight, plants, animals, coal, oil, and natural gas
    • Science: 4.112.6.b.11.B: explain the critical role of energy resources and how conservation, disposal, and recycling of natural resources impact the environment and modern life
  • Science: 4.112.6.b.12

    Organisms and environments. The student describes patterns, cycles, systems, and relationships within environments. The student is expected to:

    • Science: 4.112.6.b.12.A: investigate and explain how most producers can make their own food using sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide through the cycling of matter
    • Science: 4.112.6.b.12.B: describe the cycling of matter and flow of energy through food webs, including the roles of the Sun, producers, consumers, and decomposers
  • Science: 5.112.7.b.1

    Scientific and engineering practices. The student asks questions, identifies problems, and plans and safely conducts classroom, laboratory, and field investigations to answer questions, explain phenomena, or design solutions using appropriate tools and models. The student is expected to:

    • Science: 5.112.7.b.1.A: ask questions and define problems based on observations or information from text, phenomena, models, or investigations
    • Science: 5.112.7.b.1.B: use scientific practices to plan and conduct descriptive investigations and use engineering practices to design solutions to problems
    • Science: 5.112.7.b.1.E: collect observations and measurements as evidence
  • Science: 5.112.7.b.3

    Scientific and engineering practices. The student develops evidence-based explanations and communicates findings, conclusions, and proposed solutions. The student is expected to:

    • Science: 5.112.7.b.3.B: communicate explanations and solutions individually and collaboratively in a variety of settings and formats
  • Science: 5.112.7.b.5

    Recurring themes and concepts. The student understands that recurring themes and concepts provide a framework for making connections across disciplines. The student is expected to:

    • Science: 5.112.7.b.5.A: identify and use patterns to explain scientific phenomena or to design solutions
  • Science: 5.112.7.b.11

    Earth and space. The student understands how natural resources are important and can be managed. The student is expected to design and explain solutions such as conservation, recycling, or proper disposal to minimize environmental impact of the use of natural resources.

    • Science: 5.112.7.b.11: Earth and space. The student understands how natural resources are important and can be managed. The student is expected to design and explain solutions such as conservation, recycling, or proper disposal to minimize environmental impact of the use of natural resources.
  • Science: 5.112.7.b.12

    Organisms and environments. The student describes patterns, cycles, systems, and relationships within environments. The student is expected to:

    • Science: 5.112.7.b.12.A: observe and describe how a variety of organisms survive by interacting with biotic and abiotic factors in a healthy ecosystem
  • ELA: 3.110.5.b.1

    Developing and sustaining foundational language skills: listening, speaking, discussion, and thinking--oral language. The student develops oral language through listening, speaking, and discussion. The student is expected to:

    • ELA: 3.110.5.b.1.D: work collaboratively with others by following agreed-upon rules, norms, and protocols
  • ELA: 3.110.5.b.6

    Comprehension skills: listening, speaking, reading, writing, and thinking using multiple texts. The student uses metacognitive skills to both develop and deepen comprehension of increasingly complex texts. The student is expected to:

    • ELA: 3.110.5.b.6.H: synthesize information to create new understanding
  • ELA: 4.110.6.b.6

    Comprehension skills: listening, speaking, reading, writing, and thinking using multiple texts. The student uses metacognitive skills to both develop and deepen comprehension of increasingly complex texts. The student is expected to:

    • ELA: 4.110.6.b.6.H: synthesize information to create new understanding
  • ELA: 5.110.7.b.1

    Developing and sustaining foundational language skills: listening, speaking, discussion, and thinking--oral language. The student develops oral language through listening, speaking, and discussion. The student is expected to:

    • ELA: 5.110.7.b.1.D: work collaboratively with others to develop a plan of shared responsibilities
  • ELA: 5.110.7.b.6

    Comprehension skills: listening, speaking, reading, writing, and thinking using multiple texts. The student uses metacognitive skills to both develop and deepen comprehension of increasingly complex texts. The student is expected to:

    • ELA: 5.110.7.b.6.H: synthesize information to create new understanding
  • Technology Applications: 126.8.c.5

    Data literacy, management, and representation--collect data. The student uses digital strategies to collect and identify data. The student is expected to:

    • Technology Applications: 126.8.c.5.A: identify and collect numerical data such as the price of goods or temperature